What does it mean to administer drugs parenterally?

Administering drugs parenterally refers to delivering medications directly into the body via injections or intravenous (IV) methods. This approach bypasses the digestive system, allowing for faster absorption and immediate effects. Parenteral routes include intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous injections, each chosen based on the specific medication, the patient’s needs, and the desired speed of action.

In contrast, the other methods listed involve oral (by mouth), topical (applying to the skin), and inhalation routes, which are not considered parenteral since they involve absorption through the gastrointestinal tract, skin, or respiratory system, respectively. Thus, the term "parenteral" specifically highlights the techniques that provide direct delivery into the tissues or bloodstream, making the choice emphasizing injection or IV administration the correct one.