Which vertebrae are characterized by having transverse foramen?

The cervical spine is characterized by having transverse foramina in its vertebrae, which are essentially small openings located in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. These foramina serve an important function, as they allow for the passage of the vertebral arteries and veins, which supply blood to the brain. This distinctive feature is unique to the cervical vertebrae, setting them apart from those in the lumbar, thoracic, and sacral regions.

In contrast, the other regions of the spine do not have this anatomical feature. The lumbar spine vertebrae, which are larger and support more weight, lack transverse foramina. Similarly, the thoracic vertebrae are structured for rib attachment and do not include these openings. Lastly, the sacral spine, which consists of fused vertebrae, also does not have transverse foramina. Thus, the presence of transverse foramina is a definitive identifying characteristic of the cervical vertebrae.